hy Study the Theory of Computation? Applications of the Theory FSMs for parity checkers, vending machines, communication protocols, and building security devices. Interactive games as nondeterministic FSMs. Programming languages, compilers, and context-free grammars. Natural languages are mostly context-free Speech understanding systems use probabilistic FSMs. Computational Biology - DNA and proteins are strings The undecidability of a simple security model Artificial intelligence - the undecida

Week 1 The Medium is the Message – Marshall McLuhan The medium is an extension of ourselves and the personal and social consequences of the medium come from the new scale introduced into our affairs by each extension of ourselves or by any new technology Example: Automation A negative result - Eliminates jobs due to the new patters of human association A positive result – Creates roles for people that the preceding mechanical technology destroyed. “It is not the machine, but what one did with th

Function Application Definitions: , Canonical form (left to right) for 2 reasons: Easier for us to think about Different orderings result in different values in programming Canonical Substitutions 2 rules: Functions are applied to values When there is a choice of possible substitutions, always take the leftmost choice For any expression: There is at most 1 choice of substitution; The computed final result is the same as for other choices The use of Parentheses: Ordering Division before additi

Typical Prokaryotic Cell - Escherichia coli Single Cell Organism – organism on the face of the earth that we know the most about; best studied and understood organism (model that allows us to understand the workings of a prokaryote) Binary Fission – division of the cell which occurs in a nutrient rich environment every 20 minutes; in the entire earth, there are 1030 of these organisms Organisms undergo self-replication – increases in size and divides, then the same process repeats In a day, ther

Financial Statements & Financial Reporting Accounting Essential Characteristics Identifying, measuring, communicating financial info It is about economic entities It is to interested persons Financial Accounting (reporting) – Culminates in preparation of financial reports that cover the enterprises’ business activities to be used by internal and external parties. Users include investors, creditors, etc. Managerial Accounting – Identifies, measures, analyzes, and communicates financial info to in

Internet History The internet refers both to: A technical infrastructure of computers and other digital devices (eg server routers) permanently connected through high- speed telecommunications networks The forms of content, communication, and information sharing that occur through these networks DiMaggio, Hargittai, Neuman, and Robison define the Internet as “the electronic network of networks that links people and information through computers and other digital devices allowing person-to-per

Globalization Globalization: A set of multiple, uneven, and sometimes overlapping historical processes, including economics, politics, and culture, that have combined with the evolution of media technology to create the conditions under which the globe itself can be understood as an imagined community. Furthermore, globalization would not exist without media and technology. Globalization exists as an imagined community, which refers to how people imagine the world and engage within it Globalizat

Micro/Macro Economics, Scarcity, Opportunity Cost, Government Role A Structure (Micro vs. Macro) Microeconomics Study of markets, consumers, firms, sellers, workers and the governmental influence on outcomes of the market on an individual basis. Macroeconomics Study of the whole economy, by combining all decisions made by individuals into a big picture. Includes analyzing unemployment, inflation, economic growth, & policies affecting the economy. The Beginning of Economic Analysis Economists are

Taxes In the news EU Reps admit that the $14.5 billion Apple tax bill was “Political” Apple news Apple’s headquarters are in Ireland who offered less expensive taxes/commissions than North America. Taxes → Benefit Higher profit to other function EU is trying to make sure there is a fair competition and fair manner to employees and the community. The business climate changes due to political changes. As managers you need to predict the changes. The EU needs the money therefore they change how

Biology - The study of living organisms Properties of Living Organisms Order and Cellular organization Metabolism/Energy Utilization Regulation and Homeostasis Growth, development and reproduction Heredity Response to Environment Evolve Hierarchy of Life Biology is organized into hierarchy of life Each higher level contains novel properties not present at the simpler organization Atoms → Molecules → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organism → Population → Community → Biosphere Theory - An explanation f

What is Management? The art of getting things done through people. Not just doing the minimum, but pushing the limit. The 4 Functions of Management Planning & Strategizing Planning is about formalizing a strategy into steps to put into effect. It’s the process of: Choosing goals (goals) Identifying actions to attain the goals (actions to goals) Delegate responsibility for actions (delegate actions to goals) Measure success by comparing results against goals (measure success) Revise plans to achi

Chapter 1 – Creating Customer Value, Relationships, and Experiences Through Marketing Marketing experts believe that effective marketing can reduce the need for selling Good marketers are sensitive, perceptive and intuitive Effective marketing requires intimate knowledge and understanding of consumers and the marketplace Marketing: the activity, set of institutions, and process for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, an

CCT109 FALL 2016 EXAM STUDY GUIDE (TUT 105) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgf_dpXizDE CLASS 5 - MEDIA & SELF Participatory Culture: a culture in which citizens are not just media consumers but also media producers, usually through social media such as Flickr, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Such users of media are sometimes referred to as ‘prosumers’ Modularity: according to Benkler, the properties of a project that determine “the extent to which it can be broken down into smaller components

Researcher Bias -      The questions should be neutral – it should imply that there is a certain answer to the question -      The way the questions being asked doesn’t allow people to comfortably say what they want -      Selective data collection – own interpretation of a ‘hit’ or a ‘miss’ -      Knows, and is invested in, confirming the hypothesis -      No independent verification (i.e. reliability) – very crucial to get -      Dr. in a position to get whatever answers they want Participant

Rhetoric Q - What is Rhetoric? A - Art of effective or persuasive writing to inform, educate, or entertain. Rhetoric is the study of how knowledge is created and shared through communication practices shared through communication practices such as reading, listening, speaking. Rhetoric of Media Media literacy Critical thinking and writing skills Thinking about media forms, tools, and how to effectively use them (i.e. "media affordances") Thinking about how information circulates What are diffe

The global context of business  LO-1 The contemporary global economy  The world economy is increasingly transforming into a single, interdependent system in a process called globalization  We often take for granted the diversity of goods and services available as a result of international trade  Imports - that is, products made or grown abroad, but sold in Canada At the same time, the success of many Canadian firms depend on exports - products made or grown domestically and shipped abroad  Beca

Lecture 1.1 Computer Architecture Instruction set Architecture (ISA) ISA has to do with the programming level, essentially Machine Language It provides instructions to the processor ISA has to do with three main computer responsibilities amongst others Registers Sets Instruction Sets Addressing Modes Computer Organization Whereas the architecture describes what a computer does, the organization or microarchitecture is how the ISA is implemented (how it's done). Architecture and organization are

Slides 1: Increment counter at the end of while loop Include stdio.h to use scanf or printf Big endian means most significant byte is at lowest memory address Small endian means least significant byte is at lowest memory address When using the table method to convert base 10 to binary, the first 0/1 is the least significant digit (read upwards to write left to right) To get negative number, flip all bits to the left of the first 1 Watch out for overflow when adding signed numbers Precedence: Mul

Introduction What distinguishes us from our closest primate is language Language is bound with key concepts in the social sciences; philosophy Language is communication and community building. Idea of the Unconscious is stimulated from language Linguistic anthropology focuses on little societies and primitives and the evolution of linguistics; the origins Linguistic anthropology originated in North America Why do we have language? Language is essential to our understanding of thought, communic

Objective 1 – What is Marketing? Goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior value and keep/grow current customers by delivering satisfaction. Marketing Defined Marketing – The process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. The Marketing Process Steps Understand the marketplace and customer needs/wants. Design a customer-driven marketing strategy. Construct a marketing p

Who Represents Islam? Both everyday practicing people and radicals/extremists What is Islam? Islam is the religion of those people who have for some 14 centuries followed the teachings of prophet Muhammad (SAW). We understand the work “Islam” at 3 levels: basic level-submitting or committing oneself to God, essentially an inward mental action with outward consequences Islam refers to a religion, that is, a system of beliefs and practices believed to be ordained by God, Muslims are the adherent

SOC208 Lecture 1 Intro: Assignment: choose a different topic for each assignment. Pick 2 relevant articles, provide brief summary and citrate in ASA format, write an analysis, can include course material, describe relationships between organizations and crime, focus on contextual, opportunity, organizational or structural factors. Understanding Organizations: Organization: social structure created by individuals to support collaborative pursuits of specific goals Organizations must: define goals

Personal Finance: The process of planning your spending, financing and investing activities while taking into account uncontrollable events such as death or disability in order to optimize your financial situation over time Per capita Debt: How much debt each Canadian individual would have if the total debt was equally spread across the population Opportunity Cost: What you give up as a result of your decision Financial Planning Standards Council (FPSC): A non-profit organization which develops

Learning Objective #1: Identify the uses and the users of accounting information Internal Users Internal users have access to internal accounting information to help them make the decisions required to run the company. Several departments use the accounting information for different reasons. External Users External users are not involved in managing a company. They only have access to the same financial information that is available to the general public. Some examples are outlined below: Inves

Introduction to Assembly Question 1 - Definitions of Registers a. PC is the program counter and its job is to point to the location in memory that holds the next instruction to be executed. b. MAR is the memory address register, and it stores the address of the memory currently being accessed by a read/write operation c. MBR is the memory buffer register, and it stores the data that was just read from memory or is just about to be written to memory. d. IR is the instruction register, and it hold

Files and Directories Different Type of Files Aside from a basic file which is - Container for ordered data Can access these bytes in order Persistent and accessible by name there exists other 'file' types in Unix. Directories A file containing pointers to other files. Example - Folder on Mac or Windows Links A pointer to another file Example - Shortcut on Windows or alias on Mac Devices Peripherals accessed like a file. Home Directory $HOME is an env variable that holds the path to the home di

( - Reduced from ) ( oxidized from ) Movement of Cations Movement of anions Flow of Electrons At some point it will stop producing electric current When all ions are deposited When all are gone But even before all the ions are gone electric current stops Build up of excess . (Positive Ion) Excess Negative Ion Electrochemical cell - Produces electricity Stops producing electric current because one has a build up of + ion and the other - ion they don't want t

Management is the art of getting things done through people. Describe the basic functions of management The basic management functions as described today are → Planning and strategizing, organizing, controlling and leading. 2. Identify where in an organization managers are located Managers are located throughout the organization hierarchy. The three main types of managers are General Managers, Functional Managers and Frontline Managers. 3. Discuss the challenges people encounter as they become f

Chapter 1: Management Management -- The art of getting things done through people. A French industrialist named Henri Fayol stated that management had five main functions: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling Strategizing is the process of thinking through on a continual basis what strategies an organization should pursue to attain its goals. Strategizing involves being aware of and analyzing what competitors are doing; thinking about how changes in the external envir

Physiology Module 1 --> study of function in living organisms --> mechanisms which they control internal environment --> explains physical & chemical factors of function and disease Homeostasis <-- maintenance of internal environment Internal environment <-- interstitial fluid & blood plasma External environment <-- outside body, contents digestive, respiratory & urogenital tracts --> maintains homeostasis via (+) & (-) feedback Negative Feedback Control Systems --> all of them contain same c

Summary Amrit's book, 'Keep Moving On: The Migration of a Punjabi-Sikh Family' begins with a reference to a song by Shad called 'A Story No One Told'. Link to the lyrics Link to the song Poetically worded, Amrit draws the similarities between the man in Shad's song and the many people who live in the GTA and "carry the soils of a home on the bottom of their feet" Amrit explores the various ordinary people with ordinary stores: Truck engine repair, mechanic Had to run from the German Shepherd

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Cells (5.1, 5.3) A cell can be compared to a room in a house. Some examples of cell types: red blood cells; transport oxygen, contain no nucleus whiite blood cells; fight infection Microscopy Mammalian cells can be viewed through microscopes due to their typical size of 10 micrometers. Conventional microscopy is suitable for this application but fluorescence will add clarity. To view organelles, electron microscopy must be used. Resolution of a microscope depends on (wave)length. *Note slide

What is Economics? Definition: Economics is the social science that studies the choices that individuals, businesses, governments and entire societies make as they cope with scarcity and the incentives that influence and reconcile those choices. Alfred Marshall (the father of microeconomics): defines microeconomics as a study of “mankind in the ordinary business of life” Emphasis :methodological individualism” → explains why individuals behave as they do and broad generalizations about groups or

What is the role of neurosciences in psychology? Intersection of biological and mental processes. Requiem for the ‘Mozart Effect’ (Chabris and Steele, 1999) Not Mozart effect, rather an ‘enjoyment arousal’ Listening to a passage from Stephen King can result in the same kind of improvement. Prehistoric Brain Surgery: Trephining (Hole in the Skull) 7,000 years of neurosurgery This tells us that brain surgery existed long ago Release pressure Ancient Views of the Nervous System Ancient Treatme

Why Do People Believe that God is All-Good? People assume that it is unfathomable for god to command acts considered vile What Makes Something Vile? Something that is detrimental to the advancement of humanity (murder) Consider There’s a lot of ethical disagreement, even among people who think and write about ethics for a living (Perhaps especially among such people) Enforced rules that people must accept without question Problems with Ethics (Harman) It sounds strange to speak of a moral expert

Was first given as a public lecture Oct 28, 1945, just after end of WWII Sartre makes 4 main arguments 1. Humans were not created to serve a preexisting purpose 2. To a great extent, people are self-creating 3. Individual consciousness is not causally determined to construct a particular identity of particular ends.  4. Values are subjective. Something is valuable because I choose to value it Purpose of the lecture was to defend existentialism Existentialism was accused of inciting people to dwe

What is Criminological Theory? There is no single definition for criminological theory. When we ask this question, we refer to the variety of approaches taken to understand the criminal justice system When we say criminological theory, theories is a way for organizing and sorting data. Theoretical approach is important to understand data related to crime and society What comes first the theory or the data? Both are interconnected Criminology Theory (1924 by Edward Sutherland): Criminology is th

Properties of Inequalities Notation We write for “ is less than ” We write for or Facts (AP – 1 ) have the same sign and Ex. Ex. Definition: The Real Number Line The statement means that is on the left of in the number line. We give example of solving inequalities. Ex : Solve Ex : Solve *Note that the left hand side is positive. Thus, We get We obtain: We get: Ex : Solve We introduced to set notation. Note: som

Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Nanoparticles Macroscopic - everything we can see (millions of molecules together) Microscopic - single molecules Nanoparticle - contain 1000 atoms or molecules and can be seen under TEM Property changes when becomes nanoparticle.

Internet History The internet refers both to: 1. A technical infrastructure of computers and other digital devices (eg server routers) permanently connected through high- speed telecommunications networks 2. The forms of content, communication, and information sharing that occur through these networks DiMaggio, Hargittai, Neuman, and Robison define the Internet as “the electronic network of networks that links people and information through computers and other digital devices allowing person-to-

CHEMISTRY BASIS OF LIFE Topic 1 Major Biological Polymer: Proteins Nucleic Acids Polysaccharides Four Major Biomolecules: Amino acids Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleotides Amino Acids Topic 2 Proteins are composed of amino acids based on genetic code DNA can encode 20 different acids to make protein Structure of Amino Acids: 20 amino acids in four classes Stereoisomers possible, D and L forms possible Proteins only contain L-amino acids amino acids have an alpha carbon that is attached to a carb

Q1-1: What is an Information System? Information System A system is a group of components that interact to achieve some purpose. An information system (IS) is a group of components that interact to produce information. It does not have to be computerized, but let’s think about it like that for now. 5 Components of an Information System All information systems comprise of a five-component framework: Hardware: The electronic components & associated gadgetry that constitute a computer system. It’s

Why Don't Organizations Appreciate or Think Sustainability is a Challenge? Waste of time, in terms of dealing with people. Dealing with bureaucracy. Organizations can’t be more innovated because, we don’t like changing the way we build the organization. If it is okay, we let it keep working okay. Sustainability needs a new way of operating, and planning. It’s difficult, so it’s easy to avoid Its become less expensive, and have found financial advantages to being sustainable. For example, waste c

From Speculation to Science: How Psychology Developed Psyche - The soul (Greek) Logos - Study of (Greek) The study of the mind Philosophy and Physiology led the development of Psychology A new science is born... Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Mounted a campaign to make psychology an independent discipline rather than a product of philosophy or physiology Established the first formal laboratory for research then established the first journal devoted to publishing research on psychology Consciousness -

What is Consumer Culture? Consumer culture is an interconnected system of commercially produced images, texts and objects that attempt to make collective sense of the environment and orient members’ experiences and lives Consumer culture includes markets and brands that create meanings for products. It goes beyond the simple materialistic value of a product (Ex. Shoes, where the basic function of them is to stay warm, comfortable and avoid injuries. However, advertisers do not emphasize on thes

CS-137 Notes Every line ends with a semi-colon. To use standard input/output, #include <stdio.h> Run with gcc command in terminal Default output file is a.out \n creates a new line gcc -o (some file name for output) (file to run) printf stands for print formatted don’t forget to return 0 at the end of main if no other return value The Euclidean Algorithm: Look for the greatest common divisor: gcd(num1, num2) When introducing a variable, set an initial value Scanf() reads an integer from the stan

Criminology Criminologist: Refers to anyone who studies crime. Whether from psychology or sociology. However, sociology is a specific type of criminology. Administrative: Criminology associated with governmental affairs Governmental, correctionalism of criminal justice Management and control of crime and criminals Enhance through effective control Scientific: Criminology associated with the causes of crime Academic Causality Regulation, power What is Crime? Definition: An act or omission that is